考研英语模拟题(六)

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but__2__retirement could help.

Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially__3__one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments, which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are__9__to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today's workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.

Action is needed,__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down, then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.

1.［A］ unsolvable ［B］ additional ［C］ unsustainable ［D］ undue

2.［A］ delaying ［B］ retaining ［C］ detaining ［D］ hindering

3.［A］ ultimate ［B］ unattainable ［C］ specific ［D］ expensive

4.［A］ substantial ［B］ essential ［C］ potential ［D］ controversial

5.［A］ donating ［B］ sponsoring ［C］ subsidizing ［D］ funding

6.［A］ outlook ［B］ outcome ［C］ outbreak ［D］ outset

7.［A］ prolonging ［B］ expanding ［C］ soaring ［D］ rising

8.［A］ in ［B］ on ［C］ by ［D］ for

9.［A］ conceived ［B］ reckoned ［C］ expected ［D］ meant

10.［A］ As ［B］ Such ［C］ So ［D］ It

11.［A］ should pay ［B］ paying ［C］ be paid ［D］ would pay

12.［A］ but ［B］ for ［C］ and ［D］ thus

13.［A］ multitude ［B］ implementation ［C］ application ［D］ generosity

14.［A］ exaggerate ［B］ augment ［C］ magnify ［D］ multiply

15.［A］ insufficient ［B］ influential ［C］ inefficient ［D］ intrinsic

16.［A］ advancing ［B］ previous ［C］ ahead ［D］ preceding

17.［A］ suspensions ［B］ abundances ［C］ redundancies ［D］ discrepancies

18.［A］ for ［B］ to ［C］ about ［D］ at

19.［A］ turbulent ［B］ strenuous ［C］ compact ［D］ intricate

20.［A］ dependency ［B］ fertility ［C］ present ［D］ mortality Section ⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Passage 1

The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writer-a fact which can easily obscure his very real distinction in some of the areas into which he has ventured. His co-editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920's, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in 1930 is highly regarded. But of all his work it is probably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution.

Since 1916 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he "reached bedrock," Lindsay has maintained a consistent Marxist viewpoint-and it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has guaranteed his novels a minor but certainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that "the historical novel is a form that has a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument" (New Masses, January 1917), Lindsay first attempted to formulate his Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in the past: particularly in his trilogy in English novels-1929, Lost Birthright, and Men of Forty-Eight (written in 1919, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in Europe). Basically these works set out, with most success in the first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsay's words, for the "true completion of the national destiny."

Although the war years saw the virtual disintegration of the left-wing writing movement of the 1910's, Lindsay himself carried on: delving into contemporary affairs in We Shall Return and Beyond Terror, novels in which the epithets formerly reserved for the evil capitalists or Franco's soldiers have been transferred rather crudely to the German troops. After the war Lindsay continued to write mainly about the present-trying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political realities of post-war England. In the series of novels known collectively as "The British Way," and beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1933, it seemed at first as if his solution was simply to resort to more and more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-handed didacticism. Fortunately, however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give anything but the most elementary political consciousness to his characters, so that in his latest (and what appears to be his last) contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation: "Everything must be different, I can't live this way any longer. But how can I change it, how?" To his credit as an artist, Lindsay doesn't give him any explicit answer.

1.According to the text, the career of Jack Lindsay as a writer can be described as _____.

［A］ inventive ［B］ productive ［C］ reflective ［D］ inductive

2.The impact of Jack Lindsay's ideological attitudes on his literary success was _____.

［A］ utterly negative

［B］ limited but indivisible

［C］ obviously positive

［D］ obscure in net effect

3.According to the second paragraph, Jack Lindsay firmly believes in.

［A］ the gloomy destiny of his own country

［B］ the function of literature as a weapon

［C］ his responsibility as an English man

［D］ his extraordinary position in literature

4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.

［A］ the war led to the ultimate union of all English authors

［B］ Jack Lindsay was less and less popular in England

［C］ Jack Lindsay focused exclusively on domestic affairs

［D］ the radical writers were greatly influenced by the war

5.According to the text, the speech at the end of the text.

［A］ demonstrates the author's own view of life

［B］ shows the popular view of Jack Lindsay

［C］ offers the author's opinion of Jack Lindsay

［D］ indicates Jack Lindsay's change of attitude

Passage 2

We're moving into another era, as the toxic effects of the bubble and its grave consequences spread through the financial system. Just a couple of years ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever. Now surveys show that they're down to a "realistic"8 percent to 10 percent range.

But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to average just 4 percent to 6 percent. Sound impossible? After a much smaller bubble that burst in the mid-1960s Standard & Poor's 5000 stock average returned 6.9 percent a year (with dividends reinvested) for the following 17 years. Few investors are prepared for that.

Right now denial seems to be the attitude of choice. That's typical, says Lori Lucas of Hewitt, the consulting firm. You hate to look at your investments when they're going down. Hewitt tracks 500,000 401 (k) accounts every day, and finds that savers are keeping their contributions up. But they're much less inclined to switch their money around. "It's the slot-machine effect," Lucas says. "People get more interested in playing when they think they've got a hot machine"-and nothing's hot today. The average investor feels overwhelmed.

Against all co妹妹on sense, many savers still shut their eyes to the dangers of owning too much company stock. In big companies last year, a surprising 29 percent of employees held at least three quarters of their 402 (k) in their own stock.

Younger employees may have no choice. You often have to wait until you're 50 or 55 before you can sell any company stock you get as a matching contribution.

But instead of getting out when they can, old participants have been holding, too. One third of the people 60 and up chose company stock for three quarters of their plan, Hewitt reports. Are they inattentive? Loyal to a fault? Sick? It's as if Lucent, Enron and Xerox never happened.

No investor should give his or her total trust to any particular company's stock. And while you're at it, think how you'd be if future stock returns-averaging good years and bad-are as poor as Barnes predicts.

If you ask me, diversified stocks remain good for the long run, with a backup in bonds. But I, too, am figuring on reduced returns. What a shame. Dear bubble, I'll never forget. It's the end of a grand affair.

1.The investors' judgment of the present stock returns seems to be.

［A］ fanciful ［B］ pessimistic ［C］ groundless ［D］ realistic

2.In face of the current stock market, most stock-holders.

［A］ stop injecting more money into the stock market

［B］ react angrily to the devaluing stock

［C］ switch their money around in the market

［D］ turn a deaf ear to the warning

3.In the author's opinion, employees should.

［A］ invest in company stock to show loyalty to their employer

［B］ get out of their own company's stock

［C］ wait for some time before disposing of their stock

［D］ give trust to a particular company's stock

4.It can be inferred from the text that Lucent, Enron and Xerox are names of.

［A］ successful businesses

［B］ bankrupted companies

［C］ stocks

［D］ huge corporations

5.The author's attitude towards the long-term investors' decision is.

［A］ positive ［B］ suspicious ［C］ negative ［D］ ambiguous

Passage 3

For many years, any discussion of reparations to compensate the descendants of African slaves for 246 years of bondage and another century of legalized discrimination was dismissed. Many whites and blacks alike scoffed at the idea, reasoning that slavery is part of the past that would only unleash new demons if it were resurrected.

Opponents contend that the fledgling reparations movement overlooks many important facts. First, they assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims, as was the case when the US government apologized and paid compensation to Japanese-Americans interned during World War Ⅱ. Similarly, Holocaust (大屠戮) survivors have received payments from the Germans. In addition, not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3 000 were slave owners.

Also, many i妹妹igrants not only came to the United States after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. Should they pay reparations, too? Or should they receive them?

And regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the United States' wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. As a group, Afro-Americans are the best-educated, wealthiest blacks on the planet.

But that attitude is slowly changing. At least 10 cities, including Chicago, Detroit and Washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years urging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. Mainstream civil rights groups such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference regularly raise the issue.

The surging interest in reparations parallels a heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6 million Africans perished in the journey to the Americas alone. There also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole.

Earliest this year, Aetna Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated slave owners for financial losses when their slaves died. Last su妹妹er, the Hartford Courant in Connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. Next month, a new California law will require insurance companies to disclose any slave insurance policies they may have issued. The state also is requiring University of Californian officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current California businesses benefited.

Proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a century after emancipation in 1865, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class.

1.The reasons put forward by opponents of reparations include all the following EXCEPT that.

［A］ compensations usually go to direct victims

［B］ blacks who came after slavery ended should not receive compensations

［C］ blacks now are enjoying the wealth they created under slavery

［D］ some blacks were slave owners instead of slaves

2."I妹妹igrants" in paragraph 3 refers to.

［A］ Afro-Americans ［B］ non-white i妹妹igrants

［C］ Japanese-Americans ［D］ holocaust survivors

3.That the reparations movement is winning support in America is shown in the fact that.

［A］ federal hearings were held to investigate the impact


of slavery

［B］ even mainstream civil rights groups were persuaded

［C］ growing attention is being paid to the wealth of the blacks

［D］ there was more public awareness of the frightening experience of slavery

4.The two private companies that made public apology had.

［A］ compensated slave owners for financial losses

［B］ sold slaves and captured runaways

［C］ operated insurance and advertisement businesses

［D］ depended on slavery for their existence

5.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

［A］ US government killed Japanese-Americans during World War Ⅱ.

［B］ A new Californian law disclosed slave-insurance policies.

［C］ National Urban League is one of the civil right groups.

［D］ Blacks faced no discrimination after liberation in 1865.

Passage 4

In an attempt to increase competition and give consumers better prices, the state (California) has deregulated its power industry. But that move has sparked a crisis and a battle over who is to blame. It's a


power struggle over who controls the price of power.

In California the regulators, the utilities and the governor all want the Federal Energy Regulatory Co妹妹ission to cap spot market prices. The Californians claim it will rein in outrageous prices. Federal regulators have refused. The battle is on.

Governor Gray Davis says, "I'm not happy with the Federal Regulatory Co妹妹ission at all. They're living in an ivory tower. If their bills were going up like the people in San Diego, they would know that this is a real problem in the real world."

As part of deregulation, price caps were removed to allow for a free market. Timing is everything; natural gas prices had already skyrocketed. Demand was high from California's booming economy. No new power plants had been built here in ten years, and power producers had the right to hike prices along with demand. And hike them they did.

Loretta Lynch of the Public Utilities Co妹妹ission says, "This co妹妹ission and all of California was beating


down the door of federal regulators to say 'help us impose reasonable price caps to help to keep our market stable.'"

Federal regulators did ask for longer-term contracts between power producers and the utilities to stabilize prices. The federal co妹妹ission, unavailable for co妹妹ent on this story, released a recent statement defending its position not to re-regulate.

Federal Energy Regulatory Co妹妹ission Dec. 15, 2000: "The co妹妹ission's intention is to enable the markets to catch up to current supply and demand problems and not to reintroduce co妹妹and and control regulation that has helped to produce the current crisis."

Some energy experts believe that, without temporary price caps, the crisis will continue.

Severin Borenstein of the U.C. Energy Institute says, "Some federal regulators have a blind co妹妹itment to making the market work and I think part of the problem is they really don't understand what's going on."

Gary Ackerman of the Western Power Trading Forum says, "He's dead wrong about that. The federal regulators understand far better than any individual state that, though it might be painful and it certainly is painful in California, price caps don't work. They never work."

An administration known to be friendly to free markets is soon to take the helm. Any calls for re-regulation may continue to fall on deaf ears.

1.What will the Federal Energy Regulatory Co妹妹ission probably do with the prices of electrical power?

［A］ Impose temporary price caps on them.

［B］ Guide and control them.

［C］ Raise them along with demand.

［D］ Let them go on their own way.

2."They are living in an ivory tower"（Line 2, Paragraph 3）means federal regulators are.

［A］ ignorant of the fact

［B］ very rich

［C］ far-sighted

［D］ corrupted and greedy

3.According to the federal regulators, the factor which caused the current crisis is.

［A］ competition between power producers

［B］ disagreement between power producers and the utilities

［C］ high demand and low supply of electricity

［D］ government's ruling over the economy

4.Who is on the same side with the Federal Energy Regulatory Co妹妹ission?

［A］ Loretta Lynch.

［B］ Gary Ackerman.

［C］ Gray Davis.

［D］ Severin Borenstein.

5.Which of the following is the most probable title of the article?

［A］ Energy Crisis in California.

［B］ Federal Regulators: the Deaf Ears.

［C］ Energy Regulation Debate.

［D］ Deregulation of California's power industry.

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic co妹妹unity. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

［A］ Analyzing your own taste

［B］ Being cautious when experimenting

［C］ Finding a model to follow

［D］ Getting the final look absolutely right

［E］ Learning to be realistic

［F］ Making regular conscious choices

When we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it's something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it's what's inside that's important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us.

41___________

For example, people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else they've seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see. There is no need to dwell on your faults-we all have good points and bad points-but think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones.

42___________

When selecting your clothes each day, think about who you're likely to meet, where you're going to be spending most of your time and what tasks you are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, there's no need to abandon your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody else's idea of what looks good, you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself.

43___________

But to know your own mind, you have to get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favourite items that you wear a lot-most people wear 20 per cent of their wardrobe 80 per cent of the time. Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in co妹妹on. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don't wear and ask yourself why. Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a co妹妹on theme?

44___________

Some colors bring your natural colouring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new colours by all means, but remember that dressing in bright colours when you really like subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie. And although it's good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades, take care not to go too far all at once.

45___________

So, you've chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your colouring. But does it fit? If something is too tight or too loose, you won't achieve the desired effect, and no matter what other qualities it has, it won't improve your appearance or your confidence. Sometimes, we buy things without thinking. Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see, or prefer to use mail-order or the Internet. In all cases, if it doesn't fit perfectly, don't buy it, because the finer details are just as important as the overall style.

Reappraising your image isn't selfish because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit. You'll look better and you'll feel a better person all round. And if in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian's book Silent Messages to remind yourself how important outward appearances are. His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 per cent on how we look and behave, 38 per cent on how we speak and only 7 per cent on what we actually say. So, whatever stage you are at in your life, whatever role you play, isn't it time you made the most of yourself?

Part C

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete.（46）There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. （47）If modern man continues to toy unhesitatingly with war, he will transform his earthly habitat into a hell such as even the mind of Dante (但丁) could not imagine.

（48）Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes i妹妹ediately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. It is, after all, nation states, which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character.

We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve.（49）But unless we resign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and impotence in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injustice.

I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. （50）But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to make a supreme effort to generate the readiness, indeed the eagerness, to enter into the new world, which is now possible, "the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God".

谜底

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B

11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C

整体阐发

本文重要会商了老龄化给经合组织国度现存养老系统带来的挑战。文章第一段指出老龄化给经合组织国度带来的挑战，并提出推延退休可能对解决该问题有所帮忙。第二段阐发了早退休给养老系统带来的问题，即愈来愈多的人早退休而寿命耽误，跟着诞生率的低落，就会有更多退休的人寄托更少事情的人来为他们养老，养老金在国度财务中所占的比例增长，成为没法经受的包袱。第三段探究领会决法子，指出仅仅削减大众养老金的数目，增长私有养老的比例是不敷的，很多当局在斟酌说服人们晚退休。

试题精解

1.［精解］ 本题考覆按生经由过程上下文选择得当形容词的能力。空格处的形容词润饰burden，阐明"提前退休给退休金的融资带来了1包袱"。由下文第二段首句对提前退休的论述Early retirement...makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long（提前退休使当前的大众养老金体系难以长期），可知文中夸大的是其不克不及延续性，［C］项unsustainable"不克不及延续的，没法保持的"最合适辞意。［B］项additional"附加的，分外的"、［D］项undue"不得当的，过分的"没法从文中推知。本辞意在会商前几年倡导的提早退休给养老带来的挑战，并试图找出解决方案，以是［A］项unsolvable"不克不及解决的"与辞意抵牾。

弥补：常和burden搭配的形容词另有extra，financial，great，heavy，high，huge，intolerable等。

2.［精解］ 本题考核动词词义的辨析。空格处填入动名词作定语润饰retirement，但现实考核的是动词词义辨析。前文提到，提前退休给养老金融资带来了包袱，空格前but迁移转变指出，可是2退休却能有所帮忙。可见，所填词应与early 相对于，从词义看，只有delay纯真表时候的"担搁，延迟"，合适辞意。retain指"连结，保存"；detain指"因为被留在某地而不克不及定时分开"，如He was detained by a flat tire on his way home(他因车胎漏气在回家的路上被担搁)；hinder指"阻碍，故障（@举%Rtpc5%措或希%5KC5N%望@）"。

3.［精解］ 本题考覆按生经由过程上下文选择形容词的能力。空格地点句子与前一分句布局对仗，是以主语it指代前一句的主语early retirement，空格处形容词润饰的表语one 指代前文的goal。由表迁移转变的连词but可知，两个分句是从一个角度阐发"提前退休"作为小我和社会方针的两种相反的性子，即"对小我是值得的，但对社会则是不值得的"。别的，由下文可知，这类"不值得的"方针酿成的后果是：使现有大众养老金体系难以长期。以是［D］项expensive"昂贵的，花钱的"合适辞意。［A］项ultimate"终极的，底子的"，［B］项unattainable"没法实现的"，［C］项specific"明白的，特定的"均不准确。

4.［精解］ 本题考覆按生经由过程上下文选择形容词的能力。按照上下文可知，空格处填入形容词润饰reason，阐明"更多的人提前退休而寿命更长"是"当前的大众养老金体系难以长期"的__4__缘由。本段下考研在阐述这一缘由，可见它是很首要的，是以［Ｂ］项essential"本色的，根基的"是准确项。文章没有说起该缘由是"潜伏的，可能的"或"有争议的"，解除［Ｃ］项potential和［Ｄ］项controversial。［A］项substantial也有"本色的，本色的"寄义，但它是指因为数目大而首要，如 The treaty underwent substantial modifications(公约已做了本色性的点窜)。

5.［精解］ 本题考核动词词义的辨析。填入的动名词作depend on的介词宾语，阐明"退休职员依靠在职者的__5__以保障他们的收入"。关头是辨析四个焦点动词。四个选项都有"供给资金"的寄义，donate意为"捐赠，捐募"，一般要接表详细物体、款项的名词，所赠的工具通常为慈善奇迹或机构，如donate money to the hospital（给病院捐款）；sponsor意为"援助（勾当，节目等）"，并且目标经常是为了做鼓吹；如Tobacco industry sponsors sports events（烟草业援助体育赛事）；subsidize意为"补贴，帮助（或人或组织付出某种用度）"，如the government subsidizes the housing projects（当局补助住房项目）；fund指supply with money"为．．．供给资金，帮助"，如The work is funded by the government（这项工程由当局供给帮助）。文中说的是在职者"帮助"而非"捐赠、援助或补助"退休工人的收入。［D］项合适辞意。

6.［精解］ 本题考核名词词义的辨析。空格处填入的名词作句子的主语，被表语worrying润饰。由下文In the next 50 years...可知接下来是对未来可能产生环境的展望，［A］项outlook填入意为"远景使人担心"，合适辞意，［B］项outcome"成果"，［C］项outbreak"(战役的)暴发, (疾病的)爆发"，［D］项outset"初步，起头"都不准确。

7.［精解］ 本题考核动词词义的辨析。空格处填入的如今分词润饰life expectancy，地点句意为"低滋生率和__7__预期寿命使老年生齿依靠率增加约一倍"。起首，prolong指"耽误，拖长（时候）"，不克不及润饰expectancy（预期数字），"延长命命"只能是prolong one's life；expand指"开展，扩展（范畴）"；是以可以或许润饰中间词expectancy的只有［C］和［D］两项，而实际中人的预期寿命是按照糊口程度逐步增长的，不成能"忽然上升"，是以解除soaring，得出［D］项rising准确，意为"上升的预期寿命"。

8.［精解］ 本题考核介词的用法。空格处填入的介词毗连double与size，表白"在巨细方面更加"，［A］项in "关于……，在……方面"，是准确项。On"关于……方面"，多指主题方面，如a lecture on the water pollution（有关水污染的演讲）；by"就……而论"，用于阐明或人的事情、性情、身世等，如He is a doctor by profession. (他的职业是大夫)；for"为了，对……来讲"表工具，如It is quite warm for February (就仲春的气候而言，这类气候算至关和缓的了)。

9.［精解］ 本题考核动词的用法。空格处填入动词的作句子的谓语，地点部门是被动语态布局public pension payments are9 to rise。从语法、语义上均合适文章请求的只有expect"预期，认为"，组成搭配be expected to do，原辞意为"大众退休金的付出有望上升"。

起首解除conceive"构想，假想"，其寄义不符上下文必要。Reckon"估量，猜测，认为"和mean"筹算，意欲"都不克不及搭配be +V.ed ＋to do的搭配；它们的固定搭配是be reckoned to be和be meant to be（被广泛认为是），如Children are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays（人们认为今天的孩子比曩昔圆滑）；The restaurant is meant to be excellent（都说这家饭馆很棒）。

10.［精解］ 本题考核倒装布局和习气搭配。such that...是习气搭配，意为"由于很是……以至于……"，如The shock was such that she was almost driven mad(由于冲击太大了，她差点疯了)。空格地点句子是倒装句中，such置于句首，起夸大感化。原辞意为：养老基金的压力太大了，如今的工人有得不到他们预期的养老金的伤害。

11.［精解］ 本题考核虚拟语气的省略布局。空格处请求填入动词pay的得当情势。起首空格前they指today's workers（如今的工人），他们将是被付给退休金的人，以是要用pay的被动语态。其次，felt在这里暗示"想，认为"，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词真相，这时候should可以省略，以是［C］项准确，至关于...they should be paid for.

12.［精解］ 本题考核逻辑瓜葛。考生必要果断空格先后两个分句之间的逻辑瓜葛。因为该句布局比力繁杂，且空格较多，可以做完第1三、1四、15题今后再做。空格地点句子的寄义是：必要采纳举措；仅仅试图削减大众养老金的激昂大方水平和用度或试图加强私家养老金在体系中的感化，固然是必须的，但在应答这类依靠挑战方面多是不敷的。前面说必要，后面说不足，可见两者是迁移转变瓜葛，是以［A］项but准确。for "由于"，表因果；and "而且"，表并列或递进；thus"因此"，表因果。

13.［精解］ 本题考覆按生经由过程上下文选择名词的能力。空格处填入的名词作of public pensions的中间语和reduce的动词宾语。按照上文，第二段末句提到"养老基金的压力太大了"，三段首句则提出"必要采纳举措"。由此推出后面的内容应当环抱若何减小压力开展阐述。是以空格处的内容"削减大众养老金的．．．"是减小压力的一种法子。［A］项multitude与reduce搭配，意为"减小．．．的数目"，如reduce the multitude of harms。代入原文，"减小大众养老金的数目"明显不是减压的法子。［B］项implementation"施行，履行"凡是不直接作reduce的宾语，而利用于reduce implementation time/cost。［C］项application的搭配应是application for public pensions（申请大众养老金）。只有［D］项generosity"激昂大方，广大"合适辞意，意为"如今的养老金过于激昂大方，必要削减"。

14．［精解］ 本题考核动词词义的辨析。空格处填入的动词与the role of...搭配。备选四项都有"使变大"的意思，但［D］项multiply"（使更加）增大"不与the role搭配，［A］项exaggerate "强调，浮夸"和［C］项magnify"放大，扩展"都暗示"现实巨细没变而强调或使看起来大"，如exaggerate our troubles（强调咱们的坚苦），magnify the risks involved（强调此中的危害）。 ［B］项augment暗示"扩展；增长(某事的价值，数目，结果等)"，合适辞意，原辞意为"加强私家养老金在体系中的感化"。

15.［精解］ 本题考覆按生经由过程上下文选择形容词的能力。空格地点句子的骨干布局是simply aiming to...or trying to...may be __15__，是以填入的形容词是阐明"为了减小养老金压力而采纳的这些举措"的特色。起首，由插入语though necessary step（固然是必须的步调）推出所填词应与necessary是相反的寄义，可解除influential"有很大影响的"和intrinsic"固有的，内涵的，自己的"；其次，由simply一词及上下文语义可知空格处的寄义应当是"（仅仅如许做）是不敷的"，只有［A］项insufficient合适辞意。

弥补：intrinsic to 意为"为……之本"，如 Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management(机动性是缔造性办理的本色请求)。

16.［精解］ 本题考核形容词词义的辨析。本题请求填入一个形容词润饰early retirement 或 early retirement schemes，合适辞意。从语义看，［A］项advancing"提早的，超前的"润饰early retirement 意为"提早早退休"，即比正常的退休春秋要早；［B］项previous"在前的，起初的"润饰schemes, previous early retirement schemes 意为"以前的早退休规划"，与前面的after语义反复；［C］项ahead"在前，提早"要放在所润饰的名词以后，如He kept his gaze fixed on the car ahead（他眼睛一向盯着前面的车）；［D］项preceding"在前的，前述的"指在所提到的以前，或前文，如The preceding chapters have described several key events in recent French history(前几章描写了法国近代史上产生的几个关头事务)，也不合适辞意。

17.［精解］ 本题考核名词词义的辨析。空格处填入的名词与higher unemployment并列作avoid的宾语，阐明"前些年的提早退休方案是为了防止__17__和高赋闲率的"。本题关头是辨析词义。［C］项redundancies可指"因劳动力多余而酿成的裁人，辞退"，与unemployment属统一范围，合适辞意。［A］项suspensions"暂停，中断"，［B］项abundances "丰硕，丰裕"，［D］项discrepancies"差别，抵牾"都不合适辞意。

18.［精解］ 本题考核固定短语的辨析。备选项的介词均可与look搭配成短语动词：look for"寻觅，追求"；look to"朝……看；期望，依靠"；look about"环顾，（事前）审时度势"；look at"钻研斟酌"。由短语的意义可知［D］项合适辞意，look at暗示to study and think about something, especially in order to decide what to do，在原文的意思是"前些年为了防止裁人及高赋闲率当局采纳提早早退休的方案，而如今很多当局正斟酌奉劝人们晚退休"。

例句弥补：They are looking for the missing child. (他们正在寻觅那失落的小孩)；Don't look to him for help(别期望他的帮手)；Look about carefully before making the final decision. (在做出最后决议以前，要先严密掂量一下)。

19.［精解］ 本题考核形容词词义的辨析。空格处填入的形容词在句子中做表语，阐明"如今的事情在心理上（physically）不如之前__19__"。由上文Surely, the thinking goes可知空格地点句子是上一句"当局斟酌说服人们晚退休"的来由。［A］项turbulent"（海、天气等）狞恶的；（期间）动荡不安的"一般不与job搭配；而［C］项compact"慎密的，密集的；（身体）紧绷绷的"和［D］项intricate"扑朔迷离的，难以理解的"一般不消于从心理上说事情。只有［B］项strenuous"（事情等）必要极度尽力的，吃力的"既能从心理上阐明job的性子，又可诠释缘由。

20.［精解］ 本题考核上下文语义＋名词词义辨析。填入的名词与rate搭配。空格地点部门是上文if前提句的成果。该句意为：他们是这么想的，若是如今咱们加倍康健了，工尴尬刁难体力的请求低落了，赋闲率也低落了，那末__20__率或许该从新上升了。全部句子所得出的结论应与前一句一致。前一句说人们应当晚退休，那末如许__20__率会上升呢？从备选项看只有present rate"出席率"合适辞意，即事情的人的比例会上升。注重该部门是在讲怎么低落dependency rate"依靠率"，以是它不成能上升，fertility rate"诞生率"和mortality rate"灭亡率"与本句前半部门没有因果瓜葛。

全文翻译

老龄化给经合组织国度，特别是在若何付出将来的大众养老金欠债方面，带来了紧张的挑战。早退休给退休金的融资带来了难以经受的包袱。没有甚么简略的解决方案，但推延退休（春秋）可能有所帮忙。

早退休可能看起来是个值得寻求的小我方针，但对付社会来讲倒是昂贵的，它使当前的大众养老金体系难以长期。基来源根基因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。这象征着更多的退休职员要依靠在职者的帮助作为收入。这一远景是使人担心的。将来50年，经合组织国度的低诞生率和预期寿命的增长将使这一老年依靠率提高峻约一倍。占经合组织国度全数退休收入30％－80％的大众退休金的付出，在海内出产总值中的比例预期将均匀增长跨越三个百分点，而在有些国度乃至会增长八个百分点。养老基金的压力如斯之大以致于如今的工人有得不到他们预期或认为应当获得的养老金的伤害。

举措是必须的，但仅仅试图削减大众养老金的激昂大方度或增长体系内私有养老金的感化，虽然是需要的，但在应答这类依靠挑战方面还是不敷的。前些年为了防止下岗及高赋闲，当局采纳提早早退休的方案，而如今很多当局正斟酌奉劝人们晚点退休。固然，他们是这么想的，若是如今咱们加倍康健了、工尴尬刁难体力的请求低落了、赋闲率也低落了，那末（事情）出席率可能也该从新上升了。

谜底

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D

整体阐发

本文重要先容了杰克·林德萨的写作生活。

第一段：指出杰克·林德萨是一名多产的作家，在他所从事的各类创作勾当中，小说创作的进献最大。

第二段：先容了马克思主义的世界观对他创作的影响。

第三段：阐述了杰克·林德萨写作立场的几回变革。

试题精解

1.按照文章，杰克·林德萨的写作生活可以被描写为是。

［A］ 有缔造性的 ［B］ 多产的

［C］ 好沉思的 ［D］ 长于归纳总结的

［精解］ 本题考核推理引伸。文章首段提出 "杰克·林德萨有约莫四十部小说、一些戏剧、几部诗集、另有汗青、评论和自传作品，同时兼任编纂和翻译家。他是一名很是多产的作家。"原文中的prolific与［B］项中的productive近义，都意为"多产的"。

2.杰克·林德萨的意识形态对付他在文学范畴里的乐成的影响。

［A］ 彻底是负面的

［B］ 有限的但不成朋分的

［C］ 明显是正面的

［D］ 在终极影响上其实不明白

［精解］ 本题考核究竟细节。原文中第二段段首指出，从1916年起，杰克·林德萨一向持有马克思主义的世界观，"若是没有其他身分的话，正是这类世界观确保了杰克·林德萨的小说在现代英国文坛上具有不大可是必定不成轻忽的职位地方。"就此咱们可以看出，马克思主义的意识形态对付他的乐成有着正面的影响，应选［C］。

3.在第二段中，杰克·林德萨信赖。

［A］ 他本身国度悲凉的运气

［B］ 文学作为兵器的功效

［C］ 他作为英国人的责任

［D］ 他在文学范畴的出格职位地方

［精解］ 本题考核究竟细节。第二段中部指出，杰克·林德萨感受到"汗青小说作为一种战役兵器，作为一种文化手腕，其将来的感化不成限量（limitless）"，因而他把本身的马克思主义概念写入了一系列以曩昔为布景的小说中，特别是三部曲的英国小说。故应选择［B］项。

4.从课文的最后一段，咱们可以推出。

［A］ 战役致使所有英国作家的最后结合

［B］ 杰克·林德萨在英国愈来愈不受接待

［C］ 杰克·林德萨只存眷海内事件

［D］ 激进作家遭到战役的很大影响

［精解］ 本题考核推理引伸。该段首句指出："虽然战役造成为了20世纪10年月的左翼文学活动现实上的崩溃，杰克·林德萨还在继续战役（carried on）。"该段第二句指出："战后，杰克·林德萨继续就那时的布景举行写作，试图与战后英国非激进的政治实际告竣让步"。由此咱们可推出，激进的左翼文人受战役的影响很大。是以［D］项准确，［A］项与究竟相反。［B］、［C］项内容在文中未说起。

5.文章末端部门。

［A］ 证了然作者本身的人生观

［B］ 表达了对杰克·林德萨的广泛评论

［C］ 供给了作者对待杰克·林德萨的概念

［D］ 表白了杰克·林德萨写作立场的变革

［精解］ 本题考核推理引伸。最后一段重要环抱杰克·林德萨写作立场的变革开展阐述。该段指出：战后，他的写作题材转向现代，但一度留于说教（didacticism），厥后终究再次变化，起头认为社会问题的解决法子再也不寄托政党。他付与作品主人公的仅仅是一种政治憬悟除此以外甚么也没有了。文章最后援用了他小说中主人公的一番话，该主人公带着失望的语气说道："甚么都得改，如许的糊口我再也过不下去了，可是我该若何扭转这一切呢？"引文以后，文章又总结到，杰克·林德萨作为一位艺术家，再也不给出问题的详细谜底。故［D］项是写作目标。［B］、［C］项太笼统，全考研是关于杰克·林德萨的评论，都是作者对待他的概念。［A］项文中未触及。

焦点辞汇或超纲辞汇

(1)verse（n.）诗，诗节，诗句，诗篇（v.）作诗；使纯熟或精晓He ~ed himself in philosophy他对付哲学很精晓

(2)prolific（a.）多产的，多育的，丰硕的

(3)obscure（a.）暗的，昏黄的，模胡的，艰涩的，无名的（v.）讳饰；使模胡，使昏黄；使失容

(4)venture（n.）冒险，危害，谋利（v.）冒险，勇于，唐突地说；为获利而举行冒险的企业joint ~合股企业

(5)bedrock（n.）岩床；根抵，根本；基来源根基则［究竟］；最低点［额］ come/get down to ~穷探求底；日暮途穷

(6)negligible（a.）可以疏忽的；不首要的，眇乎小哉的；neglectable（a.）可轻忽的

(7)formulate（v.）用公式暗示，明白地表达，作简便报告，说明（n.）formulation

(8)conviction（n.）笃信，确信；科罪；convict（v.）证实……有罪（n.）罪犯；convince（v.）使确信，使佩服

(9)trilogy（n.）三部剧，三部曲;tri-前缀暗示"三"，如triangle三角形

(10)vivify（v.）使有朝气，使活泼，使活泼;vivific（a.）;-viv-词根暗示"糊口，生命"

（11）disintegration（n.）崩溃，割裂，解体；演变，衰变；integration（n.）连系，综合

(12)epithet（n.）外号，称呼

（13）manipulation（n.）处置，操作，把持；manipulate（v.）

(14)heavy-handed笨手笨脚的；其它与hand相干的复合词包含：empty-handed白手的；even-handed公允的；freehanded拘谨的，风雅的

(15)didacticism（n.）教训主义didactic（a.）教导的，说教的

(16)to one's credit使值得赞美，使受尊敬，如To his credit, Jack never told anyone what had happened.杰克对所产生的事缄舌闭口，值得赞美。

全文翻译

杰克·林德萨是一名精采的多产作家，他一辈子创作了约40部小说，若干戏剧，大量诗歌，和汗青、评论和自传作品。同时他还兼任编纂和翻译家。这一究竟很等闲地袒护了杰克·林德萨在他本身所冒险的范畴里的真正光线。20世纪20年月杰克·林德萨与人合编的《悉尼糊口》一向被认为将澳大利亚文化引入了一个新的时代，而他1930年著的关于Kickens的著作也遭到了很高的评价。在他所从事的各类创作勾当中，可能小说创作的进献最大。

用他本身在Fanfrolico提到的及其厥后的话说，1916年他到了"日暮途穷"的境界，自那今后杰克·林德萨一向持有马克思主义的世界观。若是没有其他身分的话，正是这类世界观确保了杰克·林德萨的小说在现代英国文坛上具有不大可是必定不成轻忽的职位地方。因为感受到"汗青小说作为一种战役兵器，作为一种文化手腕，其将来的感化不成限量"，他初次把本身的马克思主义概念写入了一系列重要以汗青为布景的小说，特别是三部曲的英国小说《1929》、《丢失的宗子》和《四十八岁的汉子》（写于1919年，欧洲暴发宪章活动和革命起义）。跟着第一部作品的庞大乐成，这些作品根基上苏醒了英国社会主义暗地里的汗青传统，而且试图证实它连结稳定。用杰克·林德萨本身的话说，为了"民族运气的真正美满"。

虽然战役造成为了20世纪10年月的左翼文学活动现实上的崩溃，杰克·林德萨还在继续战役，并在《咱们要回家》和《可怕以外》两部作品中摸索了那时的事务。在这两部小说中，之前专属于险恶的资同族和法国兵士的称呼未加润饰地转用到了德国军队上。战后，林德萨继续重要就那时的布景举行写作，试图以分歧水平的乐成与战后英国非激进的政治实际告竣让步。在他1993年以《变节的春季》起头的《英国的路》这一系列作品集中，看起来仿佛他的解决法子就是更多的寄托作家式的处置和拙笨的说教。荣幸的是，从《儿子的抵挡》起头变化，林德萨表示出日趋渐涨的再也不寄托政党解决法子的趋向，他付与作品主人公的也仅仅是最根基的政治憬悟除此以外甚么也没有。是以在他最新的今世小说（看起来也是最后的一部）《时候的决议》中，主人公柯林带着失望的语气说道："甚么都得改，如许的糊口我再也过不下去了，可是我该若何扭转这一切呢？" 值得赞美的是，杰克·林德萨作为一位艺术家，没有给出问题的详细谜底。

谜底

1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A

整体阐发

本文是先容股票投资的经济类文章。作者先先容了投资股票回报率的降低趋向，接着指出了投资者的毛病投资举动，最后提出了建议。

第一至二段：指出投资股票回报率呈降低趋向。

第三至六段：指出很多投资者依然在继续投资，并且不少老雇员将投资规划的重心放在了本身公司上。

第七至八段：指出投资者不该该彻底信赖任何一家公司，而应选择有益于持久投资的多样股。

试题精解

1.投资者对如今股票报答的果断彷佛是。

［A］ 空想的 ［B］ 灰心的 ［C］ 没有按照 ［D］ 实际的

［精解］ 第一段提到，投资者几年前的空想是永久拿到20%的（股票投资）回报。如今查询拜访显示它降到了"实际的"8%至10%的范畴。第二段作者先提出疑难：可是若是将来几年里这个值低于正常的指望呢？接着以银行信誉阐发家Martin Barnes和尺度普尔5000指数为例指出，将来股票投资回报率必定是降低的。二段末句作者指出，很少有投资者为此作好了筹备。由此可推出，面临股票投资回报降低的趋向，投资者的果断是不敷实际的，是空想的，是以［A］项准确。

2.面临现有的股票市场，大部门股票持有者。

［A］ 再也不投入更多资金到股票市场

［B］ 对贬值的股票反响很愤慨

［C］ 将他们的资金转向市场其他范畴

［D］ 对告诫视而不见

［精解］ 本题斟酌究竟细节题。第四段第一句提到，很多投资者（savers）对具有太多公司股票的伤害置若罔闻。［D］项是该句的改写，此中turn a deaf ear对应原文中的shut their eyes to，the warning对应the dangers。

第三段作者经由过程休伊特（Hewitt）咨询公司的人员的先容阐明，投资者仍在不竭地投钱（keeping their contributions up），可是他们不太愿意把资金转投其他处所了（less inclined to switch their money around）。由此解除［A］和［C］项。第三段末句"投资者广泛感触受惊（overwhelmed）"指的就是持股者对股市不景气的反响。是以［B］项与究竟不符。

3.按照作者的概念，雇员们应当。

［A］ 投资公司股票以显示对雇主的虔诚

［B］ 退出本身公司的股票

［C］ 等一段时候再处置本身的股票

［D］ 信赖一家特别公司的股票

［精解］ 本题考核作者概念。第五段中作者提到，年轻的雇员没有选择，只能比及50或55岁才能卖掉公司的股票以作为配送缴款（matching contribution）。第六段则提到，而老雇员在可以或许退出（getting out）的时辰却没有。60岁和以上的人中1/3的人选择公司股票作为他们3/4的投资规划。该段末句作者持续用几个问号对这类做法举行了质疑：莫非他们忽略了？过分虔诚？疾病？由此咱们可推出作者的概念是否决投资本身公司的做法。是以［B］项准确，解除［A］项。

第七段首句作者则提到，投资者不该该彻底信赖任何一家公司的股票。是以［D］项是作者否决的。［C］项文中未提。辞汇弥补：to a fault"过分地"，如generous to a fault（过分激昂大方）。

4.从文中可以推出，朗讯、平安和施乐是甚么的名字？

［A］ 乐成的企业 ［B］ 停业的公司 ［C］ 股票 ［D］ 巨大的企业

［精解］题干中的几个专着名词呈现在第六段末，该句用虚拟语气指出，就仿佛朗讯、平安和施乐的事变历来未产生过同样。接洽上下文，上文作者对雇员采办公司股票的举动暗示质疑，下文则提出不该彻底信赖任何一家公司。由此可推出，这是三家作为背面例子的公司，因为它们的前后停业，使持有这些公司股票的人遭到很大的丧失。［B］项最得当。

5.作者对持久投资者的决议的立场是。

［A］ 必定 ［B］ 猜疑 ［C］ 否认 ［D］ 暗昧其词

［精解］ 最后一段作者给出了本身对股票投资的见解：多样股可以久远地连结不乱，再加之债券的支撑。可见，作者鼓动勉励投资者做久远地斟酌。上文中作者对投资公司股票举动的告诫也是在奉劝投资人不要抱有一劳永逸的设法，要有久远的规划，预期可能呈现的危害。

焦点辞汇或超纲辞汇

(1)toxic（a.）有毒的，中毒的；toxicant（n.）有毒物，毒药

(2)bubble（n.）气泡，泡沫；泡影，空口说，空想（v.）起泡；沸腾；愉快，满意

(3)turn out to be成果是，（最后）证实是，如It turned out to be a great disappointment.成果令人们大为绝望。

(4)dividend（n.）被除数；股息，股分盈利；分外补助，奖金；不测的收成

(5)contribution(n.）捐钱；进献；投稿；分管（额）

(6)slot（n.）（机器或东西上的）狭缝，槽沟；时段

(7)overwhelm（v.）浸没，淹没；礼服，压服；过于大量地赐与；使不安，使困顿；overwhelming（a.）压服性的，没法抵当的

(8)inattentive（a.）忽略的，不注重的；attentive（a.）注重的，用心的

(9)diversified（a.）多变革的，各类的；diversify（v.）使多样化

(10)backup（n.）声援（者），支撑（者）（a.）分外的，替补的

(11)figure on期望，依靠~ your support；斟酌，预期~ an hour's delay；规划~ leaving at noon

全文翻译

当泡沫的毒效和它的紧张后果在全部金融体系中散开时，咱们正在进入此外一个期间。就在几年前投资者还在空想永久拿到20%的股票投资回报。如今查询拜访显示它降到了"实际的"8%至10%的范畴。

可是若是将来几年里这个值低于正常的指望呢？蒙特利尔银行信誉阐发家马丁·巴恩斯估计将来的股票投资回报率均匀为4%至6%。听起来不成能？一个较小的泡沫于20世纪60年月幻灭以后，在接下来的17年里尺度普尔5000股票的回报率均匀一年为6.9%（包含盈利再投资）。很少有投资者为此作好了筹备。

如今看来，投资者彷佛选择了否定的立场。休伊特咨询公司的人员洛丽·卢卡斯指出，这很具代表性。你不会愿意看到本身的投资效益削减。休伊特公司逐日跟进500,000 401 (k)帐户，发明投资者仍在不竭地投钱，可是他们不太愿意把资金转投其他处所了。卢卡斯说，"这是山君机效应，当人们认为他们找到了一台赌运极佳的呆板时会对玩更有乐趣，但现在没有甚么是荣幸的。投资者广泛感触受惊。"

违反知识的是，很多投资者对具有太多公司股票的伤害置若罔闻。不成思议的是，客岁至公司中29%的雇员在他们本身的股票投资中最少有3/4的402（k）。

年轻的雇员没有选择，只能比及50或55岁才能卖掉公司的股票以作为配送缴款。

可是据休伊特公司报道，老雇员在可以或许退出的时辰却也一向死抱着股票不放。60岁和以上的人中1/3选择公司股票作为他们3/4的投资规划。莫非他们忽略了？过分虔诚？疾病？就仿佛朗讯、平安和施乐的事变历来未产生过同样。

投资者不该该彻底信赖任何一家公司的股票。当你投资时，斟酌一下若是将来的股票投资回报（好的年份和欠好的年份一均匀）像巴恩斯所展望的那样糟，后果会若何？

若是你问我，我认为多样股加之债券的支撑可以久远地连结不乱。可是，我也在计较股票投资回报的削减。何等的耻辱。亲爱的泡沫，我永久不会健忘它，它是重大事务的终止。

谜底

1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C

整体阐发

本文先容了美国对黑人奴隶后裔的补偿活动的成长。

第一段至四段：指出曩昔补偿活动一向受到黑人和白人的一样否决，并阐发否决者否决的缘由。

第五至八段：指呈现在否决补偿活动的概念正在渐渐地扭转，并罗列各类征象加以阐明。

最后提到支撑补偿者的概念，即黑人一向没有遏制过遭到轻视。

试题精解

1.否决补偿者提出的来由不包含。

［A］ 补偿老是归直接管害者

［B］ 在奴隶制竣事厥后的黑人不该该接管补偿

［C］ 黑人如今正在享受他们在奴隶轨制下缔造的财产

［D］ 有些黑人是奴隶主而不是奴隶

［精解］ 本题考核了究竟细节。文章第二段（opponents contend）和第四段（opponents contend）都提到了否决补偿者的概念，此中［A］项在第二段第二句提到，［D］项在第二段末句提到。［C］项在第四段首句提到。只有［B］项不是他们的概念。

2.第三段中的"移民"指。

［A］ 非裔美国人 ［B］ 非白人移民

［C］ 日裔美国人 ［D］ 大屠戮的幸存者

［精解］ 本题考覆按生对词意的理解。［A］、［C］和［D］项在文章第二段前后被提到。第三段段首逻辑词also表递进，意为"另有"。由此可果断该段提到的i妹妹igrants是排除其他三项中的此外一类人群，是以［B］项准确。

3.补偿活动在美国正博得支撑，这体如今哪一个究竟上？

［A］ 举行联邦定见听取会查询拜访奴隶制影响

［B］ 乃至重要公民权力群体也被说服

［C］ 黑人的财产愈来愈遭到存眷

［D］ 公家对奴隶轨制的可骇履历的意识增强了

［精解］ 本题考核究竟细节。从第五段段首but起头文章呈现了迁移转变，重要阐述补偿活动在美国获得支撑的状态。第五段提到，最少有10个都会经由过程了决定，力劝联邦当局举办关于奴隶制影响的定见听取会（urge federal hearings into the impact of slavery）。公民权力的重要组织都按期地提出这一议题（regularly raise the issue）。因而可知，［A］和［B］项错在把还在尽力傍边和会商的事变酿成了肯定的究竟。第六段最后一句提到，人们也愈来愈存眷奴隶制为私有公司和全部国度所缔造的庞大的经济财产（huge economic bounty）。［C］项将"奴隶制缔造的财产"酿成了"黑人本身的财产"，是以毛病。第六段首句提到，在人们对补偿问题的乐趣不竭加强的同时，对奴隶制的可怕履历的意识也在晋升。［D］项是这句子后半部门的改写。选项中的more public awareness对应原文中的heightened sensitivity，horrors对应原文中的frightening experience。

4.两家公然报歉的私有公司已。

［A］ 补偿了奴隶主的经济丧失

［B］ 销售了奴隶和缉拿了逃跑的奴隶

［C］ 展开了保险和告白营业

［D］ 依靠奴隶轨制而存在

［精解］ 本题考核了究竟细节。第七段前两句提到，一家保险公司为其向奴隶主供给保险以抵偿奴隶的灭亡给他们带来的经济丧失这一保险贩卖政策暗示歉意。此外一家消息报在首页登载道歉书，为其曾从销售奴隶和缉拿逃跑奴隶的告白中取利暗示歉意。是以已成究竟的是两家别离展开了有关奴隶方面的保险和告白营业。［C］项准确。［B］项将"谋划告白"酿成了"销售奴隶"，明显与究竟不符。其他两项没法从文中推知。

5.按照文章，下面哪项准确？

［A］ 二战中美国当局杀戮了日裔美国人

［B］ 一项新的加州法令揭穿了奴隶保险政策

［C］ 天下都会同盟是公民权力的组织之一

［D］ 自1865年解放后黑人再也不面对轻视

［精解］ 本题考核全文的究竟细节。第二段第二句提到，美国当局向二战中被拘留的日裔美国人报歉和补偿，由此解除［A］项。第七段第三句提到，下个月，加利福尼亚将会有一项新的法令，请求保险公司公然他们所触及的任何奴隶保险政策。［B］项将法令对保险公司的催促举动酿成了本身的揭穿举动，与究竟不符。［C］项在第五段末句提到，是准确项。文章最后一段提到，自1865年黑人奴隶解放以后，近一个世纪的时候里，黑人依然被褫夺了成为白人中产阶层的基石的机遇。可见［D］项不准确。

焦点辞汇或超纲辞汇

(1)reparation（n.）补偿，补充，赔款；规复，补缀reparatory/reparative（a.）

(2)compensate（v.）（for）抵偿；补偿；compensation（n.）

(3)descendant（n.）子孙，后裔；派生物，从某种真相或初期情势演变来的事物

(4)bondage（n.）奴役，束厄局促；连系；bond（v.）粘合，联络

(5)unleash（v.）解开...皮带(链索)；开释；宣泄；leash（v.）(以皮带)束厄局促，节制，束厄局促

(6)resurrect（v.）回复，使新生；规复施行、受注重或从新升引resurrection（n.）

(7)fledgling刚学飞的幼鸟；无履历的人（a.）年青的，无履历的

(8)Holocaust大扑灭，大屠戮；holo-前缀暗示"全数"，如holography全息拍照；-caust-词根意为"烧，腐化"，如caustic（a./n.）腐化性（的）

(9)resolution（n.）刚强，判断；解决；决定，决议

(10)hearing（n.）听力，听觉；听证会，定见听取会

(11)parallel（a.）平行的；雷同的（n.）平行线，平行面；可相对比的人或事（v.）相称，对抗；比力，比拟

(12)bounty（n.）激昂大方；恩德，恩赐；嘉奖金，补贴金

(13)runaway（n.）逃跑（者）；失控物；等闲的成功（a.）逃跑的；不受节制的；等闲获得的

(14)proponent（n.）支撑者，附和者，提倡者；propone（v.）提议，建议

(15)cornerstone（n.）墙角石；根本；重要身分

全文翻译

有不少年，任何有关对曾受过246年奴役和一个世纪的正当轻视的非洲黑人奴隶后裔的补偿和抵偿的会商城市受到回绝。很多白人和黑人同样鄙夷这类概念，来由是：奴隶制是曩昔的一部门，若是这类轨制再次新生的话，将是对新的恶魔的放纵。